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Cowhill (archaically Cow Hill) is a locality of Chadderton, in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. It is located southeast of Chadderton town centre close to its eastern boundary with Oldham and is contiguous with the Block Lane, Stock Brook, Butler Green and Nimble Nook areas of the town and with Freehold and Westwood in Oldham. A former hamlet which grew into an industrial village, Cowhill is now a residential area and includes a large housing estate, Crossley, built as part of widespread redevelopment of the area in the 1960s and 1970s. 2014 saw the completion of major refurbishment of the estate including 87 new houses and a new community centre, The Crossley Centre.〔http://www.oldham.gov.uk/press/article/793/council_celebrates_opening_of_the_crossley_centre〕 Cow Hill sub post office, located at 299 Denton Lane, was the last institution to bear the locality's name. It closed as part of the Post Office's restructuring of services in 2008/9. ==History== Mentioned in the mid-16th century as Coohill and Cohyll, the district's growth during the late 18th and early 19th centuries led to this description in 1826 - "Cowhill, with Alder Root, form united a kind of small village with two public houses and a considerable number of cottages".〔http://www.chadderton-hs.freeuk.com/|Chadderton Historical Society〕 Twice in the 17th century Chadderton was to see many of its inhabitants die from plague epidemics. The first occurred in 1633 when many deaths were recorded in Cowhill.〔P40 Chadderton Chapters (1972), Lawson M, ISBN 0 9502475 0 2〕 Prior to 1810 and the construction of the Middleton to Oldham Turnpike road (Middleton Road) Cowhill and Alder Root formed part of the main route from Chadderton to Middleton.〔P.5 Chadderton Pubs And Their Licencees 1750 - 1999, Magee Rob (1986) ISBN 978 185216 134 7〕 Noted for its coal mining community, it once had several public houses, but only two remain. The Dog Inn was first licensed in 1750. The Crown (also known as The Sump Hole) dates to the early 1870s.〔Chadderton Pubs And Their Licencees 1750 - 1999, Magee Rob (1986) ISBN 978 185216 134 7>〕 In 1811 The Dog Inn was one of Chadderton's two meeting places for a contingent of workers who marched to Manchester for the iil-fated political demonstration that came to be known as the Peterloo Massacre.〔http://www.chadderton-hs.freeuk.com/page9-ploo.htm〕 John Ashton of Cowhill was one of the 15 fatalities of that incident.〔Marlow, Joyce (1969), The Peterloo Massacre, Rapp & Whiting, ISBN 978-0853911227〕 The mid 19th century saw the construction of the first railway line into Oldham pass through Cowhill. The Middleton Junction and Oldham Branch Railway line opened on 31 March 1842. A second line passed through the area on 17 May 1880 with the opening of the Oldham Loop Line from Manchester. The two lines converged at Alder Root. (See Oldham Loop Line). Several cotton spinning mills were built during the cotton boom of mid to late 1800's including Alder Root Mill (1860 - 1883), Chadderton Mill (1885 - still standing), Glenby (1885 - 1962) and Osborne (1853 - 1973). See List of mills in Chadderton The Chadderton Mill is a grade II listed building. The mill ceased production in June 2000, being the last cotton mill in Chadderton to function as such.〔http://www.chadderton-historical-society.org.uk/listed%20buldings.htm〕 On 22 April 1907, the Walsh Street railway bridge was the location of a railway incident that became known as the 'Cow Hill Accident' involving a dozen privately owned wagons drawn by Platt Brothers locomotives. The siding along which the train was running descended steeply towards a stop-block adjacent to Walsh Street. Running out of control, the train continued through the stop-block and crashed, wagon after wagon into the street below.〔P.82 The Oldham Loop-Part Two, Wells Jeffrey ISBN 1 870119 76 2〕 Cowhill had a school, churches, farms, mills and factories, a Conservative Club, and held an annual fair, 'Cowhill Wakes', but widespread redevelopment during the 1970s swept most of this away. Cow Hill Lane was renamed as part of an extended Denton Lane during this period.〔http://www.chadderton-hs.freeuk.com/|Chadderton Historical Society〕〔p.22 Chadderton Pubs And Their Licencees 1750 - 1999, Magee Rob (1986) ISBN 978 185216 134 7〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cowhill, Greater Manchester」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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